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The Great Chilean Earthquake of 1960
A Devastating Megathrust Earthquake
Background
On May 22, 1960, at 15:11 p.m. local time, a powerful megathrust earthquake struck off the coast of southern Chile. The earthquake, known as the Valdivia Earthquake or the Great Chilean Earthquake, was the largest earthquake recorded in the 20th century.
Magnitude and Epicenter
The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 9.5 Mw, making it the largest earthquake ever recorded. The epicenter was located near the town of Lumaco, approximately 570 kilometers south of Santiago.
Damage and Casualties
The earthquake caused widespread damage and loss of life. The strong shaking caused buildings to collapse, bridges to buckle, and roads to crack. The resulting tsunamis devastated coastal areas, causing further damage and casualties. The earthquake and tsunamis claimed the lives of over 2,000 people.
Geological Impact
The earthquake caused significant geological changes, including:
- Raised the seabed by several meters along the coast
- Created a large tsunami that traveled across the Pacific Ocean
- Triggered volcanic eruptions in the nearby Andes mountains
Legacy
The Great Chilean Earthquake of 1960 remains one of the most powerful earthquakes in history. It serves as a reminder of the destructive potential of earthquakes and the importance of preparedness.
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